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#include <stdbool.h>#include <stdint.h>
#include "printf.h"
// define this globally (e.g. gcc -DPRINTF_INCLUDE_CONFIG_H ...) to include the// printf_config.h header file// default: undefined#ifdef PRINTF_INCLUDE_CONFIG_H#include "printf_config.h"#endif
// 'ntoa' conversion buffer size, this must be big enough to hold one converted// numeric number including padded zeros (dynamically created on stack)// default: 32 byte#ifndef PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE#define PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE 32U#endif
// 'ftoa' conversion buffer size, this must be big enough to hold one converted// float number including padded zeros (dynamically created on stack)// default: 32 byte#ifndef PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE#define PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE 32U#endif
// support for the floating point type (%f)// default: activated#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_FLOAT#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT#endif
// support for exponential floating point notation (%e/%g)// default: activated#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL#endif
// define the default floating point precision// default: 6 digits#ifndef PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION#define PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION 6U#endif
// define the largest float suitable to print with %f// default: 1e9#ifndef PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT#define PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT 1e9#endif
// support for the long long types (%llu or %p)// default: activated#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG#endif
// support for the ptrdiff_t type (%t)// ptrdiff_t is normally defined in <stddef.h> as long or long long type// default: activated#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T#endif
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// internal flag definitions#define FLAGS_ZEROPAD (1U << 0U)#define FLAGS_LEFT (1U << 1U)#define FLAGS_PLUS (1U << 2U)#define FLAGS_SPACE (1U << 3U)#define FLAGS_HASH (1U << 4U)#define FLAGS_UPPERCASE (1U << 5U)#define FLAGS_CHAR (1U << 6U)#define FLAGS_SHORT (1U << 7U)#define FLAGS_LONG (1U << 8U)#define FLAGS_LONG_LONG (1U << 9U)#define FLAGS_PRECISION (1U << 10U)#define FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP (1U << 11U)
// import float.h for DBL_MAX#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT)#include <float.h>#endif
// output function typetypedef void (*out_fct_type)(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen);
// wrapper (used as buffer) for output function typetypedef struct { void (*fct)(char character, void* arg); void* arg;} out_fct_wrap_type;
// internal buffer outputstatic inline void _out_buffer(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen){ if (idx < maxlen) { ((char*)buffer)[idx] = character; }}
// internal null outputstatic inline void _out_null(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen){ (void)character; (void)buffer; (void)idx; (void)maxlen;}
// internal _putchar wrapperstatic inline void _out_char(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen){ (void)buffer; (void)idx; (void)maxlen; if (character) { _putchar(character); }}
// internal output function wrapperstatic inline void _out_fct(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen){ (void)idx; (void)maxlen; if (character) { // buffer is the output fct pointer ((out_fct_wrap_type*)buffer)->fct(character, ((out_fct_wrap_type*)buffer)->arg); }}
// internal secure strlen// \return The length of the string (excluding the terminating 0) limited by 'maxsize'static inline unsigned int _strnlen_s(const char* str, size_t maxsize){ const char* s; for (s = str; *s && maxsize--; ++s); return (unsigned int)(s - str);}
// internal test if char is a digit (0-9)// \return true if char is a digitstatic inline bool _is_digit(char ch){ return (ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9');}
// internal ASCII string to unsigned int conversionstatic unsigned int _atoi(const char** str){ unsigned int i = 0U; while (_is_digit(**str)) { i = i * 10U + (unsigned int)(*((*str)++) - '0'); } return i;}
// output the specified string in reverse, taking care of any zero-paddingstatic size_t _out_rev(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, const char* buf, size_t len, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags){ const size_t start_idx = idx; // pad spaces up to given width if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT) && !(flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD)) { for (size_t i = len; i < width; i++) { out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen); } } // reverse string while (len) { out(buf[--len], buffer, idx++, maxlen); } // append pad spaces up to given width if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) { while (idx - start_idx < width) { out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen); } } return idx;}
// internal itoa formatstatic size_t _ntoa_format(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, char* buf, size_t len, bool negative, unsigned int base, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags){ // pad leading zeros if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) { if (width && (flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD) && (negative || (flags & (FLAGS_PLUS | FLAGS_SPACE)))) { width--; } while ((len < prec) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) { buf[len++] = '0'; } while ((flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD) && (len < width) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) { buf[len++] = '0'; } } // handle hash if (flags & FLAGS_HASH) { if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) && len && ((len == prec) || (len == width))) { len--; if (len && (base == 16U)) { len--; } } if ((base == 16U) && !(flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) { buf[len++] = 'x'; } else if ((base == 16U) && (flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) { buf[len++] = 'X'; } else if ((base == 2U) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) { buf[len++] = 'b'; } if (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) { buf[len++] = '0'; } } if (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) { if (negative) { buf[len++] = '-'; } else if (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) { buf[len++] = '+'; // ignore the space if the '+' exists } else if (flags & FLAGS_SPACE) { buf[len++] = ' '; } } return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, width, flags);}
// internal itoa for 'long' typestatic size_t _ntoa_long(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, unsigned long value, bool negative, unsigned long base, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags){ char buf[PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE]; size_t len = 0U; // no hash for 0 values if (!value) { flags &= ~FLAGS_HASH; } // write if precision != 0 and value is != 0 if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) || value) { do { const char digit = (char)(value % base); buf[len++] = digit < 10 ? '0' + digit : (flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE ? 'A' : 'a') + digit - 10; value /= base; } while (value && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)); } return _ntoa_format(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, negative, (unsigned int)base, prec, width, flags);}
// internal itoa for 'long long' type#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)static size_t _ntoa_long_long(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, unsigned long long value, bool negative, unsigned long long base, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags){ char buf[PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE]; size_t len = 0U; // no hash for 0 values if (!value) { flags &= ~FLAGS_HASH; } // write if precision != 0 and value is != 0 if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) || value) { do { const char digit = (char)(value % base); buf[len++] = digit < 10 ? '0' + digit : (flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE ? 'A' : 'a') + digit - 10; value /= base; } while (value && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)); } return _ntoa_format(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, negative, (unsigned int)base, prec, width, flags);}#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT)
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)// forward declaration so that _ftoa can switch to exp notation for values > PRINTF_MAX_FLOATstatic size_t _etoa(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, double value, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags);#endif
// internal ftoa for fixed decimal floating pointstatic size_t _ftoa(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, double value, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags){ char buf[PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE]; size_t len = 0U; double diff = 0.0; // powers of 10 static const double pow10[] = { 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000 }; // test for special values if (value != value) return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, "nan", 3, width, flags); if (value < -DBL_MAX) return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, "fni-", 4, width, flags); if (value > DBL_MAX) return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) ? "fni+" : "fni", (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) ? 4U : 3U, width, flags); // test for very large values // standard printf behavior is to print EVERY whole number digit -- which could be 100s of characters overflowing your buffers == bad if ((value > PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT) || (value < -PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT)) {#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL) return _etoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, value, prec, width, flags);#else return 0U;#endif } // test for negative bool negative = false; if (value < 0) { negative = true; value = 0 - value; } // set default precision, if not set explicitly if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION)) { prec = PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION; } // limit precision to 9, cause a prec >= 10 can lead to overflow errors while ((len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) && (prec > 9U)) { buf[len++] = '0'; prec--; } int whole = (int)value; double tmp = (value - whole) * pow10[prec]; unsigned long frac = (unsigned long)tmp; diff = tmp - frac; if (diff > 0.5) { ++frac; // handle rollover, e.g. case 0.99 with prec 1 is 1.0 if (frac >= pow10[prec]) { frac = 0; ++whole; } } else if (diff < 0.5) { } else if ((frac == 0U) || (frac & 1U)) { // if halfway, round up if odd OR if last digit is 0 ++frac; } if (prec == 0U) { diff = value - (double)whole; if ((!(diff < 0.5) || (diff > 0.5)) && (whole & 1)) { // exactly 0.5 and ODD, then round up // 1.5 -> 2, but 2.5 -> 2 ++whole; } } else { unsigned int count = prec; // now do fractional part, as an unsigned number while (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) { --count; buf[len++] = (char)(48U + (frac % 10U)); if (!(frac /= 10U)) { break; } } // add extra 0s while ((len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) && (count-- > 0U)) { buf[len++] = '0'; } if (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) { // add decimal buf[len++] = '.'; } } // do whole part, number is reversed while (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) { buf[len++] = (char)(48 + (whole % 10)); if (!(whole /= 10)) { break; } } // pad leading zeros if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT) && (flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD)) { if (width && (negative || (flags & (FLAGS_PLUS | FLAGS_SPACE)))) { width--; } while ((len < width) && (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) { buf[len++] = '0'; } } if (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) { if (negative) { buf[len++] = '-'; } else if (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) { buf[len++] = '+'; // ignore the space if the '+' exists } else if (flags & FLAGS_SPACE) { buf[len++] = ' '; } } return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, width, flags);}
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)// internal ftoa variant for exponential floating-point type, contributed by Martijn Jasperse <m.jasperse@gmail.com>static size_t _etoa(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, double value, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags){ // check for NaN and special values if ((value != value) || (value > DBL_MAX) || (value < -DBL_MAX)) { return _ftoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, value, prec, width, flags); } // determine the sign const bool negative = value < 0; if (negative) { value = -value; } // default precision if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION)) { prec = PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION; } // determine the decimal exponent // based on the algorithm by David Gay (https://www.ampl.com/netlib/fp/dtoa.c) union { uint64_t U; double F; } conv; conv.F = value; int exp2 = (int)((conv.U >> 52U) & 0x07FFU) - 1023; // effectively log2 conv.U = (conv.U & ((1ULL << 52U) - 1U)) | (1023ULL << 52U); // drop the exponent so conv.F is now in [1,2) // now approximate log10 from the log2 integer part and an expansion of ln around 1.5 int expval = (int)(0.1760912590558 + exp2 * 0.301029995663981 + (conv.F - 1.5) * 0.289529654602168); // now we want to compute 10^expval but we want to be sure it won't overflow exp2 = (int)(expval * 3.321928094887362 + 0.5); const double z = expval * 2.302585092994046 - exp2 * 0.6931471805599453; const double z2 = z * z; conv.U = (uint64_t)(exp2 + 1023) << 52U; // compute exp(z) using continued fractions, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function#Continued_fractions_for_ex conv.F *= 1 + 2 * z / (2 - z + (z2 / (6 + (z2 / (10 + z2 / 14))))); // correct for rounding errors if (value < conv.F) { expval--; conv.F /= 10; } // the exponent format is "%+03d" and largest value is "307", so set aside 4-5 characters unsigned int minwidth = ((expval < 100) && (expval > -100)) ? 4U : 5U; // in "%g" mode, "prec" is the number of *significant figures* not decimals if (flags & FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP) { // do we want to fall-back to "%f" mode? if ((value >= 1e-4) && (value < 1e6)) { if ((int)prec > expval) { prec = (unsigned)((int)prec - expval - 1); } else { prec = 0; } flags |= FLAGS_PRECISION; // make sure _ftoa respects precision // no characters in exponent minwidth = 0U; expval = 0; } else { // we use one sigfig for the whole part if ((prec > 0) && (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION)) { --prec; } } } // will everything fit? unsigned int fwidth = width; if (width > minwidth) { // we didn't fall-back so subtract the characters required for the exponent fwidth -= minwidth; } else { // not enough characters, so go back to default sizing fwidth = 0U; } if ((flags & FLAGS_LEFT) && minwidth) { // if we're padding on the right, DON'T pad the floating part fwidth = 0U; } // rescale the float value if (expval) { value /= conv.F; } // output the floating part const size_t start_idx = idx; idx = _ftoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, negative ? -value : value, prec, fwidth, flags & ~FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP); // output the exponent part if (minwidth) { // output the exponential symbol out((flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE) ? 'E' : 'e', buffer, idx++, maxlen); // output the exponent value idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (expval < 0) ? -expval : expval, expval < 0, 10, 0, minwidth-1, FLAGS_ZEROPAD | FLAGS_PLUS); // might need to right-pad spaces if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) { while (idx - start_idx < width) out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen); } } return idx;}#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT
// internal vsnprintfstatic int _vsnprintf(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, const size_t maxlen, const char* format, va_list va){ unsigned int flags, width, precision, n; size_t idx = 0U; if (!buffer) { // use null output function out = _out_null; } while (*format) { // format specifier? %[flags][width][.precision][length] if (*format != '%') { // no out(*format, buffer, idx++, maxlen); format++; continue; } else { // yes, evaluate it format++; } // evaluate flags flags = 0U; do { switch (*format) { case '0': flags |= FLAGS_ZEROPAD; format++; n = 1U; break; case '-': flags |= FLAGS_LEFT; format++; n = 1U; break; case '+': flags |= FLAGS_PLUS; format++; n = 1U; break; case ' ': flags |= FLAGS_SPACE; format++; n = 1U; break; case '#': flags |= FLAGS_HASH; format++; n = 1U; break; default : n = 0U; break; } } while (n); // evaluate width field width = 0U; if (_is_digit(*format)) { width = _atoi(&format); } else if (*format == '*') { const int w = va_arg(va, int); if (w < 0) { flags |= FLAGS_LEFT; // reverse padding width = (unsigned int)-w; } else { width = (unsigned int)w; } format++; } // evaluate precision field precision = 0U; if (*format == '.') { flags |= FLAGS_PRECISION; format++; if (_is_digit(*format)) { precision = _atoi(&format); } else if (*format == '*') { const int prec = (int)va_arg(va, int); precision = prec > 0 ? (unsigned int)prec : 0U; format++; } } // evaluate length field switch (*format) { case 'l' : flags |= FLAGS_LONG; format++; if (*format == 'l') { flags |= FLAGS_LONG_LONG; format++; } break; case 'h' : flags |= FLAGS_SHORT; format++; if (*format == 'h') { flags |= FLAGS_CHAR; format++; } break;#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T) case 't' : flags |= (sizeof(ptrdiff_t) == sizeof(long) ? FLAGS_LONG : FLAGS_LONG_LONG); format++; break;#endif case 'j' : flags |= (sizeof(intmax_t) == sizeof(long) ? FLAGS_LONG : FLAGS_LONG_LONG); format++; break; case 'z' : flags |= (sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(long) ? FLAGS_LONG : FLAGS_LONG_LONG); format++; break; default : break; } // evaluate specifier switch (*format) { case 'd' : case 'i' : case 'u' : case 'x' : case 'X' : case 'o' : case 'b' : { // set the base unsigned int base; if (*format == 'x' || *format == 'X') { base = 16U; } else if (*format == 'o') { base = 8U; } else if (*format == 'b') { base = 2U; } else { base = 10U; flags &= ~FLAGS_HASH; // no hash for dec format } // uppercase if (*format == 'X') { flags |= FLAGS_UPPERCASE; } // no plus or space flag for u, x, X, o, b if ((*format != 'i') && (*format != 'd')) { flags &= ~(FLAGS_PLUS | FLAGS_SPACE); } // ignore '0' flag when precision is given if (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) { flags &= ~FLAGS_ZEROPAD; } // convert the integer if ((*format == 'i') || (*format == 'd')) { // signed if (flags & FLAGS_LONG_LONG) {#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG) const long long value = va_arg(va, long long); idx = _ntoa_long_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned long long)(value > 0 ? value : 0 - value), value < 0, base, precision, width, flags);#endif } else if (flags & FLAGS_LONG) { const long value = va_arg(va, long); idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned long)(value > 0 ? value : 0 - value), value < 0, base, precision, width, flags); } else { const int value = (flags & FLAGS_CHAR) ? (char)va_arg(va, int) : (flags & FLAGS_SHORT) ? (short int)va_arg(va, int) : va_arg(va, int); idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned int)(value > 0 ? value : 0 - value), value < 0, base, precision, width, flags); } } else { // unsigned if (flags & FLAGS_LONG_LONG) {#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG) idx = _ntoa_long_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, unsigned long long), false, base, precision, width, flags);#endif } else if (flags & FLAGS_LONG) { idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, unsigned long), false, base, precision, width, flags); } else { const unsigned int value = (flags & FLAGS_CHAR) ? (unsigned char)va_arg(va, unsigned int) : (flags & FLAGS_SHORT) ? (unsigned short int)va_arg(va, unsigned int) : va_arg(va, unsigned int); idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, value, false, base, precision, width, flags); } } format++; break; }#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT) case 'f' : case 'F' : if (*format == 'F') flags |= FLAGS_UPPERCASE; idx = _ftoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, double), precision, width, flags); format++; break;#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL) case 'e': case 'E': case 'g': case 'G': if ((*format == 'g')||(*format == 'G')) flags |= FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP; if ((*format == 'E')||(*format == 'G')) flags |= FLAGS_UPPERCASE; idx = _etoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, double), precision, width, flags); format++; break;#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT case 'c' : { unsigned int l = 1U; // pre padding if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) { while (l++ < width) { out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen); } } // char output out((char)va_arg(va, int), buffer, idx++, maxlen); // post padding if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) { while (l++ < width) { out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen); } } format++; break; } case 's' : { const char* p = va_arg(va, char*); unsigned int l = _strnlen_s(p, precision ? precision : (size_t)-1); // pre padding if (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) { l = (l < precision ? l : precision); } if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) { while (l++ < width) { out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen); } } // string output while ((*p != 0) && (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) || precision--)) { out(*(p++), buffer, idx++, maxlen); } // post padding if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) { while (l++ < width) { out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen); } } format++; break; } case 'p' : { width = sizeof(void*) * 2U; flags |= FLAGS_ZEROPAD | FLAGS_UPPERCASE;#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG) const bool is_ll = sizeof(uintptr_t) == sizeof(long long); if (is_ll) { idx = _ntoa_long_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (uintptr_t)va_arg(va, void*), false, 16U, precision, width, flags); } else {#endif idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned long)((uintptr_t)va_arg(va, void*)), false, 16U, precision, width, flags);#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG) }#endif format++; break; } case '%' : out('%', buffer, idx++, maxlen); format++; break; default : out(*format, buffer, idx++, maxlen); format++; break; } } // termination out((char)0, buffer, idx < maxlen ? idx : maxlen - 1U, maxlen); // return written chars without terminating \0 return (int)idx;}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int printf_(const char* format, ...){ va_list va; va_start(va, format); char buffer[1]; const int ret = _vsnprintf(_out_char, buffer, (size_t)-1, format, va); va_end(va); return ret;}
int sprintf_(char* buffer, const char* format, ...){ va_list va; va_start(va, format); const int ret = _vsnprintf(_out_buffer, buffer, (size_t)-1, format, va); va_end(va); return ret;}
int snprintf_(char* buffer, size_t count, const char* format, ...){ va_list va; va_start(va, format); const int ret = _vsnprintf(_out_buffer, buffer, count, format, va); va_end(va); return ret;}
int vprintf_(const char* format, va_list va){ char buffer[1]; return _vsnprintf(_out_char, buffer, (size_t)-1, format, va);}
int vsnprintf_(char* buffer, size_t count, const char* format, va_list va){ return _vsnprintf(_out_buffer, buffer, count, format, va);}
int fctprintf(void (*out)(char character, void* arg), void* arg, const char* format, ...){ va_list va; va_start(va, format); const out_fct_wrap_type out_fct_wrap = { out, arg }; const int ret = _vsnprintf(_out_fct, (char*)(uintptr_t)&out_fct_wrap, (size_t)-1, format, va); va_end(va); return ret;}