This function ensures the correct decodings of percent-encoded characters as well as ensuring a cross-platform valid absolute path string.

The url.urlParse() method takes a URL string, parses it, and returns a URL object.

This function ensures that filepath is resolved absolutely, and that the URL control characters are correctly encoded when converting into a File URL.

The url.resolve() method resolves a target URL relative to a base URL in a manner similar to that of a Web browser resolving an anchor tag HREF.

This utility function converts a URL object into an ordinary options object as expected by the http.request() and https.request() APIs.