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TypeBox
JSON Schema Type Builder with Static Type Resolution for TypeScript
Install
Node
$ npm install @sinclair/typebox --saveDeno
import { Type, Static } from 'https://deno.land/x/typebox/src/typebox.ts'Usage
import { Static, Type } from '@sinclair/typebox'
const T = Type.String() // const T = { "type": "string" }
type T = Static<typeof T> // type T = stringOverview
TypeBox is a type builder library that creates in-memory JSON Schema objects that can be statically resolved to TypeScript types. The schemas produced by this library are built to match the static type checking rules of the TypeScript compiler. TypeBox allows one to create a single unified type that can be both statically checked by the TypeScript compiler and runtime asserted using standard JSON schema validation.
TypeBox can be used as a simple tool to build up complex schemas or integrated into RPC or REST services to help validate JSON data received over the wire. TypeBox does not provide any JSON schema validation. Please use libraries such as AJV to validate schemas built with this library.
Requires TypeScript 4.0.3 and above.
License MIT
Contents
- Install
- Overview
- Example
- Types
- Modifiers
- Options
- Reference Types
- Recursive Types
- Extended Types
- Strict
- Interfaces
- Validation
Example
The following demonstrates TypeBox’s general usage.
import { Type, Static } from '@sinclair/typebox'
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Let's say you have the following type ...
//
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
type Record = {
id: string,
name: string,
timestamp: number
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// ... you can express this type in the following way.
//
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
const Record = Type.Object({ // const Record = {
id: Type.String(), // type: 'object',
name: Type.String(), // properties: {
timestamp: Type.Integer() // id: {
}) // type: 'string'
// },
// name: {
// type: 'string'
// },
// timestamp: {
// type: 'integer'
// }
// },
// required: [
// "id",
// "name",
// "timestamp"
// ]
// }
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// ... then infer back to the original static type this way.
//
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
type Record = Static<typeof Record> // type Record = {
// id: string,
// name: string,
// timestamp: number
// }
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// ... then use the type both as JSON schema and as a TypeScript type.
//
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function receive(record: Record) { // ... as a type
if(JSON.validate(Record, record)) { // ... as a schema
// ok...
}
}
Types
The following table outlines the TypeBox mappings between TypeScript and JSON schema.
┌────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────┐
│ TypeBox │ TypeScript │ JSON Schema │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Any() │ type T = any │ const T = { } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Unknown() │ type T = unknown │ const T = { } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.String() │ type T = string │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Number() │ type T = number │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Integer() │ type T = number │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'integer' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Boolean() │ type T = boolean │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'boolean' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Null() │ type T = null │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'null' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.RegEx(/foo/) │ type T = string │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'string', │
│ │ │ pattern: 'foo' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Literal(42) │ type T = 42 │ const T = { │
│ │ │ const: 42 │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Array( │ type T = number[] │ const T = { │
│ Type.Number() │ │ type: 'array', │
│ ) │ │ items: { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Dict( │ type T = { │ const T = { │
│ Type.Number() │ [key: string] : number │ type: 'object' │
│ ) │ } │ additionalProperties: { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Object({ │ type T = { │ const T = { │
│ x: Type.Number(), │ x: number, │ type: 'object', │
│ y: Type.Number() │ y: number │ properties: { │
│ }) │ } │ x: { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ }, │
│ │ │ y: { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ }, │
│ │ │ required: ['x', 'y'] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Tuple([ │ type T = [number, number] │ const T = { │
│ Type.Number(), │ │ type: 'array', │
│ Type.Number() │ │ items: [ │
│ ]) │ │ { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ }, { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ ], │
│ │ │ additionalItems: false, │
│ │ │ minItems: 2, │
│ │ │ maxItems: 2, │
│ │ │ } |
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ enum Foo { │ enum Foo { │ const T = { │
│ A, │ A, │ enum: [0, 1], │
│ B │ B │ type: 'number' │
│ } │ } │ } │
│ │ │ │
│ type T = Type.Enum(Foo) │ type T = Foo │ │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Union([ │ type T = string | number │ const T = { │
│ Type.String(), │ │ anyOf: [{ │
│ Type.Number() │ │ type: 'string' │
│ ]) │ │ }, { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ }] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.KeyOf( │ type T = keyof { │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x: number, │ enum: ['x', 'y'], │
│ x: Type.Number(), │ y: number │ type: 'string' │
│ y: Type.Number() │ } │ } │
│ }) │ │ │
│ ) │ │ │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Intersect([ │ type T = { │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x: number │ type: 'object', │
│ x: Type.Number() │ } & { │ properties: { │
│ }), │ y: number │ x: { │
│ Type.Object({ │ } │ type: 'number' │
│ y: Type.Number() │ │ }, │
│ }) │ │ y: { │
│ }) │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ }, │
│ │ │ required: ['x', 'y'] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Partial( │ type T = Partial<{ │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x: number, │ type: 'object', │
│ x: Type.Number(), │ y: number │ properties: { │
│ y: Type.Number() | }> │ x: { │
│ }) │ │ type: 'number' │
│ ) │ │ }, │
│ │ │ y: { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Required( │ type T = Required<{ │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x?: number, │ type: 'object', │
│ x: Type.Optional( │ y?: number │ properties: { │
│ Type.Number() | }> │ x: { │
│ ), │ │ type: 'number' │
│ y: Type.Optional( │ │ }, │
│ Type.Number() │ │ y: { │
│ ) │ │ type: 'number' │
│ }) │ │ } │
│ ) │ │ } │
│ │ │ required: ['x', 'y'] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Pick( │ type T = Pick<{ │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x: number, │ type: 'object', │
│ x: Type.Number(), │ y: number │ properties: { │
│ y: Type.Number(), | }, 'x'> │ x: { │
│ }), ['x'] │ │ type: 'number' │
│ ) │ │ } │
│ │ │ }, │
│ │ │ required: ['x'] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Omit( │ type T = Omit<{ │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x: number, │ type: 'object', │
│ x: Type.Number(), │ y: number │ properties: { │
│ y: Type.Number(), | }, 'x'> │ y: { │
│ }), ['x'] │ │ type: 'number' │
│ ) │ │ } │
│ │ │ }, │
│ │ │ required: ['y'] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
└────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────┘Modifiers
TypeBox provides modifiers that can be applied to an objects properties. This allows for optional and readonly to be applied to that property. The following table illustates how they map between TypeScript and JSON Schema.
┌────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────┐
│ TypeBox │ TypeScript │ JSON Schema │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Object({ │ type T = { │ const T = { │
│ name: Type.Optional( │ name?: string, │ type: 'object', │
│ Type.String(), │ } │ properties: { │
│ ) │ │ name: { │
│ }) │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Object({ │ type T = { │ const T = { │
│ name: Type.Readonly( │ readonly name: string, │ type: 'object', │
│ Type.String(), │ } │ properties: { │
│ ) │ │ name: { │
│ }) │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ }, │
│ │ │ required: ['name'] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Object({ │ type T = { │ const T = { │
│ name: Type.ReadonlyOptional( │ readonly name?: string, │ type: 'object', │
│ Type.String(), │ } │ properties: { │
│ ) │ │ name: { │
│ }) │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
└────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────┘Options
You can pass additional JSON schema properties on the last argument of any given type. The following are some examples.
// string must be an email
const T = Type.String({ format: 'email' })
// number must be a multiple of 2
const T = Type.Number({ multipleOf: 2 })
// array must have at least 5 integer values
const T = Type.Array(Type.Integer(), { minItems: 5 })Reference Types
Type referencing can be useful to reduce schema duplication when composing large schemas. TypeBox allows for type referencing with the Type.Box(...) and Type.Ref(...) functions. The Type.Box(...) function will creates a container for set of common related types and the Type.Ref(...) function allows referencing into the container. The following shows a set of common math types contained within a box, and a vertex structure that references those types.
const Math3D = Type.Box('math3d', { // const Math3D = {
Vector4: Type.Object({ // $id: 'math3d',
x: Type.Number(), // definitions: {
y: Type.Number(), // Vector4: {
z: Type.Number(), // type: 'object',
w: Type.Number() // properties: {
}), // x: { type: 'number' },
Vector3: Type.Object({ // y: { type: 'number' },
x: Type.Number(), // z: { type: 'number' },
y: Type.Number(), // w: { type: 'number' }
z: Type.Number() // },
}), // required: ['x', 'y', 'z', 'w']
Vector2: Type.Object({ // },
x: Type.Number(), // Vector3: {
y: Type.Number() // type: 'object',
}) // properties: {
}) // x: { 'type': 'number' },
// y: { 'type': 'number' },
// z: { 'type': 'number' }
// },
// required: ['x', 'y', 'z']
// },
// Vector2: {
// type: 'object',
// properties: {
// x: { 'type': 'number' },
// y: { 'type': 'number' },
// },
// required: ['x', 'y']
// }
// }
// }
const Vertex = Type.Object({ // const Vertex = {
position: Type.Ref(Math3D, 'Vector4'), // type: 'object',
normal: Type.Ref(Math3D, 'Vector3'), // properties: {
uv: Type.Ref(Math3D, 'Vector2') // position: { $ref: 'math3d#/definitions/Vector4' },
}) // normal: { $ref: 'math3d#/definitions/Vector3' },
// uv: { $ref: 'math3d#/definitions/Vector2' }
// },
// required: ['position', 'normal', 'uv']
// }Recursive Types
TypeBox provides support for recursive types. This is handled via the Type.Rec(...) function. The following creates a Node type that contains an array of inner nodes. Please note that due to current recursion limits on TypeScript inference, it’s currently not possible for TypeBox to statically infer for recursive types. Instead TypeBox will resolve inner recursive types as any.
const Node = Type.Rec(Self => Type.Object({ // const Node = {
id: Type.String(), // $id: 'Node',
nodes: Type.Array(Self), // $ref: 'Node#/definitions/self',
}), 'Node') // definitions: {
// self: {
// type: 'object',
// properties: {
// id: {
// type: 'string'
// },
// nodes: {
// type: 'array',
// items: {
// $ref: 'Node#/definitions/self'
// }
// }
// }
// }
// }
type Node = Static<typeof Node> // type Node = {
// id: string
// nodes: any[]
//
function visit(node: Node) {
for(const inner of node.nodes) {
visit(inner as Node) // Assert inner as Node
}
}Extended Types
In addition to JSON schema types, TypeBox provides several extended types that allow for function and constructor types to be composed. These additional types are not valid JSON Schema and will not validate using typical JSON Schema validation. However, these types can be used to frame JSON schema and describe callable interfaces that may receive JSON validated data. These types are as follows.
┌────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────┐
│ TypeBox │ TypeScript │ Extended Schema │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Constructor([ │ type T = new ( │ const T = { │
| Type.String(), │ arg0: string, │ type: 'constructor' │
│ Type.Number(), │ arg1: number │ arguments: [{ │
│ ], Type.Boolean()) │ ) => boolean │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ }, { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ }], │
│ │ │ returns: { │
│ │ │ type: 'boolean' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Function([ │ type T = ( │ const T = { │
| Type.String(), │ arg0: string, │ type : 'function', │
│ Type.Number(), │ arg1: number │ arguments: [{ │
│ ], Type.Boolean()) │ ) => boolean │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ }, { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ }], │
│ │ │ returns: { │
│ │ │ type: 'boolean' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Promise( │ type T = Promise<string> │ const T = { │
| Type.String() │ │ type: 'promise', │
| ) │ │ item: { │
│ │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Undefined() │ type T = undefined │ const T = { │
| │ │ type: 'undefined' │
| │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Void() │ type T = void │ const T = { │
| │ │ type: 'void' │
| │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
└────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────┘Strict
TypeBox includes the properties kind and modifier on each underlying schema. These properties are used to help TypeBox statically resolve the schemas to the appropriate TypeScript type as well as apply the appropriate modifiers to an objects properties (such as optional). These properties are not strictly valid JSON schema so in some cases it may be desirable to omit them. TypeBox provides a Type.Strict() function that will omit these properties if nessasary.
const T = Type.Object({ // const T = {
name: Type.Optional(Type.String()) // kind: Symbol(ObjectKind),
}) // type: 'object',
// properties: {
// name: {
// kind: Symbol(StringKind),
// type: 'string',
// modifier: Symbol(OptionalModifier)
// }
// }
// }
const U = Type.Strict(T) // const U = {
// type: 'object',
// properties: {
// name: {
// type: 'string'
// }
// }
// }Interfaces
It is possible to create interfaces from TypeBox types. Consider the following code that creates a ControllerInterface type that has a single function createRecord(...). The following is how one might approach this in TypeScript.
interface CreateRecordRequest {
data: string
}
interface CreateRecordResponse {
id: string
}
interface ControllerInterface {
createRecord(record: CreateRecordRequest): Promise<CreateRecordResponse>
}
class Controller implements ControllerInterface {
async createRecord(record: CreateRecordRequest): Promise<CreateRecordResponse> {
return { id: '1' }
}
}The following is the TypeBox equivalent.
import { Type, Static } from '@sinclair/typebox'
type CreateRecordRequest = Static<typeof CreateRecordRequest>
const CreateRecordRequest = Type.Object({
data: Type.String()
})
type CreateRecordResponse = Static<typeof CreateRecordResponse>
const CreateRecordResponse = Type.Object({
id: Type.String()
})
type ControllerInterface = Static<typeof ControllerInterface>
const ControllerInterface = Type.Object({
createRecord: Type.Function([CreateRecordRequest], Type.Promise(CreateRecordResponse))
})
class Controller implements ControllerInterface {
async createRecord(record: CreateRecordRequest): Promise<CreateRecordResponse> {
return { id: '1' }
}
}Because TypeBox encodes the type information as JSON schema, it now becomes possible to reflect on the JSON schema to produce sharable metadata that can be used as machine readable documentation.
console.log(JSON.stringify(ControllerInterface, null, 2))
// outputs:
//
// {
// "type": "object",
// "properties": {
// "createRecord": {
// "type": "function",
// "arguments": [
// {
// "type": "object",
// "properties": {
// "data": {
// "type": "string"
// }
// },
// "required": [
// "data"
// ]
// }
// ],
// "returns": {
// "type": "promise",
// "item": {
// "type": "object",
// "properties": {
// "id": {
// "type": "string"
// }
// },
// "required": [
// "id"
// ]
// }
// }
// }
// },
// "required": [
// "createRecord"
// ]
// }Validation
TypeBox does not provide JSON schema validation out of the box and expects users to select an appropriate JSON schema validation library for their needs. TypeBox schemas should match JSON Schema draft 6 so any library capable of draft 6 should be fine. A good library to use for validation is Ajv. The following example shows setting up Ajv 7 to work with TypeBox.
$ npm install ajv ajv-formats --saveimport { Type } from '@sinclair/typebox'
import addFormats from 'ajv-formats'
import Ajv from 'ajv'
// Setup
const ajv = addFormats(new Ajv(), [
'date-time',
'time',
'date',
'email',
'hostname',
'ipv4',
'ipv6',
'uri',
'uri-reference',
'uuid',
'uri-template',
'json-pointer',
'relative-json-pointer',
'regex'
]).addKeyword('kind')
.addKeyword('modifier')
// TypeBox
const User = Type.Object({
name: Type.String(),
email: Type.String({ format: 'email' })
})
// Validate
const isValid = ajv.validate(User, {
name: 'dave',
email: 'dave@domain.com'
})
//
// isValid -> true
//